Adquisition of Language - Jean Piaget

This language acquisition theory was created by Jean William Fritz Piaget, a very important Switzerland psychologist. His theory in the language is subordinated to the thoughts. The acquisition of language owes to biological and not cultural factors. The human being comes to the world with a biological inheritance, on which the intelligence depends.

According to this theory the acquisition of the language depends on the development of the intelligence, that is to say, it is necessary intelligence to be able to acquire a language. In this theory it is reflected since the cognitive knowledge develops in a person from his first years of life until it reaches his intellectual maturity.

Piaget holds that the thought and the language develop separately, since the intelligence starts developing from the birth, before the child speaks, for what the child is learning to speak according to his cognitive development there is reached the level necessary for it. For him, it is the thought the one that makes possible to acquire a language, which implies that when the human being is born it does not possess an innate language, but he is acquiring it little by little as part of the cognitive development. Once acquired this language in turn will help also to the cognitive development.

In the process of acquisition of the language Piaget it establishes:

 Egocentric Speech: a child who still has not learned a language cannot express his first intelligent thoughts, these only they exist as images or physical actions. The egocentric speech is the one that the child uses to be able to express his thoughts in this stage, more than to communicate to him social entity. This language is diminishing up to disappearing after them 7 años.

 Social Speech: it is the one that develops after the egocentric one.

For Piaget, the progressive construction of different schemes on the reality is a sign of that the intelligence of the child is developing The schemes they are a fundamental element in order that the human beings adapt to the environment and could survive, that is to say, that since the children are born, construct and accumulate schemes due to the active exploration that they carry out inside the environment in which they live, and where as they interact with him, they try to adapt the existing schemes to confront the new experiences.

Another Piaget's idea is that the learning begins with the first experiences sensory - motorboats formed with the cognitive development and the language, where the learning continues for the construction of mental structures, based on the integration of the cognitive own processes where the person constructs the knowledge by means of the constant interaction with the environment.

Therefore in order that the child reaches his maximum intellectual development it must cross from his birth different and progressive stages of the cognitive development. The child cannot skip any of these stages and it is not also possible to force him in order that them more rapid scope.

In turn these stages divide in stadiums of the cognitive development. These stadiums like the psychological structures develop from the innate reflections, are organized during the infancy in schemes of conduct, are internalized during the second year of life as models of thought, and develop during the infancy and the adolescence in complex intellectual structures that characterize the adult life.

These stages Piaget are named by:

Sensory - motive stage: it begins with the birth and concludes at the age of 2.

The conduct of the child is essentially a motorboat; there is no internal representation of the external events, or thinks by means of concepts.
 Stadium of the mechanisms congenital reflections. 0 - 1 month.
 Stadium of the circular primary reactions. 1-4 months.
 Stadiums of the circular reactions secundarias.4 - 8meses.
 Stadium of the coordination of the previous schemes of conduct. 8 - 12 months.
 Stadium of the new discoveries for experimentation. 12 - 18 months.
 Stadium of the new mental representations. 12 - 24meses.

Stage pre operational: of 2 years up to 6 years.

It is the stage of the thought and that of the language that classifies his aptitude to think symbolically, imitates objects of conduct, symbolic games, drawings, mental images and the development of the spoken language.

 Stadium pre conceptual. 2 - 4 years
 Intuitive Stadium. 4 - 7 years.

Stage of concrete operations: from 7 years to 11 years.

The processes of reasoning there become logical and can be applied to concrete or royal problems. In the social aspect, the child now turns into a really social being and in this stage the logical schemes appear of seriousness, mental classification of sets and classification of the concepts of chance, space, time and speed.

Stage of formal operations: 12 years in forward.

In this stage the teenager achieves the abstraction on concrete observed knowledge that allows him to use the logical inductive and deductive reasoning. It develops idealistic feelings and permanent training achieves of the personality, there is a major development of the moral concepts.

The neuro science in the children learning process

Human beings we are born with a big potencial to percieve and understand the changes and the challenges that we got when we are conceived, so the human nature is so perfect and interesting that generates a large information´s search to answer the huge of questions that we ask ourselves about the capacities of humans and the successful development of our learning and the influence that the enviroment has on the brain to guarantee and allow us a lot variables for living.

Also is impostant to make a brieft summary about how can influence the aspect social in the growth and maturity of the brain , because of researches make certain that parents and adults can help to generate theirs children a learning meaningful, it means since pregnancy some women took care about their behavior in order to live a life healthy and enriched the enviroment, with the purpose their sons born in suitable conditions to get a precious brain. Perphas, some behaviors were extremely exaggerated, but since years ago the subjecto of the brain has been of great importance and discussion for the the humans beings, and the same time gettinf successful totals to demonstrate what does the brain so importance to our learning , besides how our brain reacts with the influence of the society, personal growth, in other words with the enviroment.

Otherwise, it says that the difference between the female and male brain makes the learning differents, so some parts of the brain in the woman and the man respond in different ways, for example the cell numbers men have 4% more brain cells than women, and about 100 grams more of brain tissue, cellular connections even though a man seems to have more brain cells, it is reported that women have more dendritic connections between brain cells, corpus collosum size it is reported that a woman's brain has a larger corpus collusum, which means women can transfer data between the right and left hemisphere faster than men. Men tend to be more left brained, while women have greater access to both sides, l anguage for men, language is most often just in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left side), but a larger number of women seem to be able to use both sides for language. This gives them a distinct advantage. If a woman has a stroke in the left front side of the brain, she may still retain some language from the right front side. Men who have the same left sided damage are less likely to recover as fully.

Therefore, there are many the aspects that argue the successful developement of the brain , including the social aspect, the beliefs and the scientific, but is certainly that once the child is born social and cognitive factor have an influence interesting and the way they performance in the academic life, because the powerfull working of the brain is not just job of the nature but of an active life with helping and presencie of the activity of the parents, teachers and the people that can provide to the children conditions effectively promote growth and change in kids´s nerve cells. It means that a nutrition diet with enough protein, vitamins, minerals and calories increase the possibility of a best performance of the childrem , also there are determinants that look simples but have a big importance in the successful life and learning in both girls and boys , for example living in an enviroment free of undue pressure and strees but suffused with a degree od pleasurable intensity make the children feel comfort because generate feelings and emotions and at the same time all their skills are being activated for getting children with a huge potential of exploration, and interest for learning; although these determinants seem very simple, there are totals completly opposites when the children don´t receive attention.

Besides the importance of social factor and the interaction between the children and adults to getting totals meaningful in the performance of children it worth to make mentions about the principals areas to learning, it means that some parts of the brain offers opportunities to access information in a way dominant, for example there are parts of the brain characterized for elaborating and express a better learning than other areas, such as the frontal lobe, this is the most recent evolutionary addition to the brain.

If the brain had a White House it would be here. It is the true center for command and control in the body, also this is responsible for functions such as reasoning, problem solving, judgement, impulse control, and the parietal lobe is involved in processing pain and touch sensation. It's also associated with cognition (including calculating location and speed of objects), movement, orientation, recognition and speech; the temporal lobe is involved in auditory (sound) sensation and is where the Primary Auditory Cortex and on the left hemisphere, Wernicke's Area (language recognition) are located, also this lobe involved in emotion, memory and speech the occipital lobe controls visual sensation and processing.

Each one of these areas work in a different way to each activity or task, so is importance that at the school, teachers apply and promote the knowledge of diverse ways with brain compatibles strategies for individualized learning with the students, and the same time improving all their skill and a fun and a better way.

Interculturality in English Teaching Process Through Films

Currently, the educational system is passing through very big changes, the changes are looking make the process of teaching more attractive and entertaining for students, that so, more effective, because in this way, the goal to accomplish, because is very difficult to keep the students on focus for a long space of time.
The teaching English process is not apart, in not a different situation, teachers have to figure out a way to keep the interest of the students in their classes; also, the teacher need to find the way out to get an English teaching process easier for the students.

Culture, is a very important part of the English learning process, because, it helps to understand the social, religious structures about the Anglo - Saxon countries. Nowadays, it is not so hard to explain to students the differences among cultures, because students are bombarded with American movies, music, advertisements, television, etc, since they are just kids. The globalization is part of the daily life of our students; the knowledge of the cultures is acquired by themselves in their own places.

The EFL students have to be promoting to use the material to reflect their own culture in relation to others; also, to reflect the diversity that exists among cultures, as we can see in the film “Borat”. This film shows – maybe in a exaggerating way – the diversity and differences between an Asian country with the United States of America. In this film, we perceive in an hilarious way, the adventure of an Kazakhstan man, who have a tour through the United States, but during the tour, he is going to discover so many differences from his country culture with the United States culture.

Using a film like this, the teacher can chose any kind of evaluation like a report, and he can be sure that everyone in his class can do the report, because films has the propriety to keep people focus on the target. Perhaps, if the teacher would use a book instead the film, he could not get the same result than with the film.
The teacher has to be a guide for students, it need to find the better way to students express what they have learn, feel, what they like from the movie or dislike; they also can have a moment to discuss about the movie before starting the composition, this can give to the students different ideas and points of view about the film. There are so many things that students can create in a writing or a composition from a movie.

It also very important, to be clear that all the movies, advertisements, television programs or music are not valid for all the people, that is, there are specific movies or music for specific audience. Using again the Borat film as example, this film it cannot be use for an elementary school or high school class, so, this movie shows many rated scenes that are not values for no adult audience.

The technology of films, music, television, it has to be included obligatorily in the class room, and overall, in the English classes. As we can see, these resources are included inclusive in the curriculum of the English teaching process; this shows the importance and the good results that can contribute the film, music, etc.
It is important take into account that currently the technology is in all the aspects of the social life, and education it is not an exception. The globalized world in what we live today, allow people to know many things at the moment. For example: sports, weather and all kind of events all over the world.

For this reason, kids can hear, see and learn many phrases in other languages, mainly in English. Teachers need to adapt themselves to this situation, so, they need to plan their classes based on that knowledge that kids already have.
In conclusion, we can say that interculturality of language promotes in the kids the interest to learn the new language, maybe they want to understand a movie, or a television program or a song, whatever is the case, the teacher need to know how to take advantage of this interest to accomplish his goals.